WAN

 

If it weren’t for wide-area networks, it wouldn’t be possible to create unified networks for organizations with far-flung locations, to telecommute, or to do online anything. But WANs do exist and have for decades, constantly evolving to carry more and more traffic faster as demands increase and technology becomes more powerful.

What is a WAN?

A WAN is a network that uses various links – private lines, Multiprotocol Label Switching , virtual private networks (, wireless ( the Internet – to connect smaller metropolitan and campus networks in diverse locations into a single, distributed network. The sites they connect could be a few miles apart or halfway around the globe. In an enterprise, the purposes of a WAN could include connecting branch offices or even individual remote workers with headquarters or the data center, in order to share corporate resources and communications.

WAN architecture

Initially, WANs were built with meshed webs of private lines bought from telecommunications carriers, but WAN architectures have advanced to include packet-switched services such  as MPLS. With these services, a single connection to a site can be connected to many others via switching within service-provider networks. For certain types of traffic, the Internet can also be woven into the mix to provide less expensive WAN connections.

As companies look for WAN improvements, the use of software-defined technology is gaining momentum. Software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) takes software-defined concepts, especially the decoupling of the control plane from the data plane, and bring it to the wan.

SD-WAN uses software to monitor the performance of a mix of WAN connections – MPLS, dedicated circuits, the Internet – and to choose the most appropriate connection for each traffic type. So teleconferencing might run over a dedicated circuit, but email might use the Internet. In making its decisions, SD-WAN software takes into account how well each link is performing at the moment, the cost of each connection and the needs of each application.

WAN management and optimization

Because data transmission is still reliant on the rules of physics, the greater the distance between two devices, the longer it will take for data to travel between them. The greater the distance, the greater the delay. Network congestion and dropped packets can also introduce performance problems.

Some of this can be addressed using WAN optimization, which makes data transmissions more efficient. This is important because WAN links can be expensive, so technologies have sprung up that reduce the amount of traffic crossing WAN links and ensure that it arrives efficiently. These optimization methods include abbreviating redundant data (known as deduplication), compression, and caching (putting frequently used data closer to the end user).

History of WANs

WANs have been around since the early days of computing networks. The first examples of WANs included circuit-switched telephone lines, but advances in technologies now include wireless transmissions and fiber-optic transmissions. Data can also be moved via leased lines, or even via satellite transmission.

As technologies changed, so did transmission rates. The early days of 2400 bps modems evolved to 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps connectivity today. These speed increases have allowed more devices to connect to networks, witnessed by the explosion of computers, phones, tablets and smaller Internet of Things devices.

Pros and Cons of Online Education

 

 Pros of online education

-Rather than being disturbed studying in classroom we can concentrate our mind and read properly in online class.

-Teachers can share  photos and videos while studying in online and make student understand better.

-Teaching and learning could be possible only because of online in this covid-19 

- Because of online class it has increased the value of time to the students.

-It has increased the value of knowledge according to tecnology

-Access to Expertise

-Comfort

-Group communication

Cons of online education

- Because sometimes of lower network connection we may loss our classes somtimes

- Because of studying in mobiles and laptops for along time for online class our eyes may be damaged.

-Sometimes it can be difficult to understand the hard problems while the teachers are teaching

-There is decrese of creativity in subjects as comparing to schools.

-It may create a sense of isolation

-It allows you to be more independent

-It makes easier to procastinate

Teej

                                                                                                                                                                              

Teej is a festival celebrated by Nepali women, for the long life of her husband and long and firm relationship between them until the death this life and all the lives to come. Teej is observed for marital happiness, well-being of spouse and children and purification of own body and soul. Teej is  the most famous festival among Nepali women. 

The folk music and dances add more flavor to traditional values of Teej. It is fascinating to see women, in “Red” dancing and singing on the street, going to temple in holy and fasting mood. Teej is also called Hari Talika Teej. This festival is celebrated by Nepali Hindu women all across the world.

Teej is a small red insect that comes out of the soil during the rainy season. It is said Teej got its name from the same red insect. That is why Teej is celebrated in red. 

When is Teej

Teej is celebrated on 3rd day of Bhadra Sukala Paksha (according to Nepali lunar calendar). It generally falls in late August or early September

Teej is traditionally dedicated to the Goddess Parvati,   remembering her union with Lord Shiva. It is a three-day-long celebration that combines splendid feasts as well as rigid fasting. 

Teej also welcomes and celebrates arrival of monsoon after a season of summer heat.

In 2072, Teej is on Sept 16, 2015. That is Bhadra 30, 2072.

How do we celebrate Teej

The eve (first day of Teej) is called Dar Khane Din. On this day all the family members especially the women, both married and unmarried gather at one place, in their finest outfits of red (called Saubhagya) and start dancing and singing devotional songs mixed with Nepali folk and Dohori songs. 

This evening the grand feast takes place. The grand feast is called “Dar”. The fun often goes on till midnight, after midnight the 24-hour fasting starts.

 

What is Dar - दर 

 

Women who go in fasting the very next day eat a very big feast...."daro khana" (दर्हो खाना) that means a heavy food in Nepali....it is said daro khane became dar. Whatever, the meaning is, they go for big feast that evening with deserts, mithai, nepali foods like sel, puri, fruits and non vegitarian foods like mottons and chicken by some communities.

The second day 

Second day is the main day of Teej (the fasting day). Some women take it very rigid, they even live without a piece of food and drops of water while some others take liquid and fruit. On this day, they happily dress in red, married women wear their lagan ko pote, nathhi, other jewelries and chadke tilahari ( jewelries are optional but chadke tilahari, laganko pote and natthi is said to be most important) and visit a nearby Lord Shiva’s temple singing and dancing all the way.

Most of devotees in Kathmandu go to Pashupatinath Temple. At the Shiva temple, women worship the Shiva lingam, the symbol of the lord Shiva, offering flowers, sweets and coins. The main puja (religious ceremony) takes place with offerings of flowers, fruits, etc., made to Shiva and Pārbati, pleading them to grant their blessing upon the husband and family. The most important part of the pooja is mostly done in the evening burning the oil lamp (108 sute batti in a diyo) which should be burning throughout the night. It is a tradition of giving the diyo of teej by her mother in law to the married woman.

Third day morning

Women get up early in the dawn and get cleaned and do the puja once again to the diyo and goddess Parvati. The most important part of this puja is a banana and holy basil (Tulsi patta) leaf. Only after this puja, women take solid food. This third day of Teej is Ganesh Chaturthati. Women eat Karkalo ko Tarkari with chokho (pure) food made with pure ghee. 

Thank You😄

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Winter vacation holidays

Winter vacation has always been special for me. It brings in a lot of love, joy and laughter. Each winter vacation gives several memories to cherish for a long-long time. While during the primary classes all we did during the winter vacation was to eat, sleep, play and visit our friends and relatives however as we have entered the senior classes things have started to change.

On poush, 15th my winter vacation started .During the 1st day of my winter vacation , my tour begain on that day.But i didn't go to my educational tour Because of cold weather. On the 2th day I was in home .on the third day anuj messaged me to come in sunil's house for helping them for the final round of singing competition which will be held on jagat mandir school . I hope he will win and my all support to anuj lama and good luck

 for the competition. 

Travelling and going on a tour to visit different parts of the country can also be another way of spending the holidays. Those who can afford it should travel and get acquainted with the places worth seeing in one’s own country. This will add to their knowledge of history and geography. They will also become broad-minded. They will understand the habits and customs of people living in other parts of the country. So travelling can be a very good way of spending the holidays.We should choose to spend our holidays in a good way instead of being idle and merely wasting our time doing nothing worthwhile.

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